Home Project Search Objects Places Persons & Deities  
 

Search in Objects


(submit with enter)

 

Pap. Torino, Museo Egizio Cat. 1887

TEI-XML-File: https://p612399.webspaceconfig.de/xml/elephantine_erc_db_308422.tei.xml

Metadata

Collection

Inventory Number Pap. Torino, Museo Egizio Cat. 1887
Publication Status published

Origin / Provenance

Ancient Provenance Site Elephantine (Ꜣbw; Yb; YbꜢ; YbꜤ; Ἐλεφαντίνη, יב , ⲉⲓⲏⲃ) [Trismegistos]
Certainty: high
Ancient Provenance District Upper Egypt, 1st nome (Ombites) [Trismegistos]
Finder (= First Purchaser) Drovetti, Bernardino
Certainty: unknown
Location of Find / Purchase in Egypt unknown
District of Find / Purchase in Egypt Upper Egypt, 1st nome (Ombites) [Trismegistos]
Type of Acquisition for the Intitution purchase
Date of Acquisition for the Intitution between 1824 and 1824
Transferor (Seller, Previous Owner) Drovetti, Bernardino
Certainty:
Buyer (Currently Housing Institution) Belzoni heirs
Certainty:

Object

Object Type papyrus
Dating of Object Ramesside Period
Dating between -1292 and -1071
Criteria for Dating The height of the papyrus is typical for legal and administrative texts of the Ramesside Period. (See the note of Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-'Skandal' (1996), 7)
Range of Preservation incomplete
State of Preservation The papyrus is preserved in strips, which are getting narrower towards the inside of the roll. The innermost strip measures less than 35mm. For some time, the verso was covered with a varnished papier végétal and heavily varnished on top. (Peet, A Historical Document (1924), 117 n. 1). Now, the papyrus is framed. A strip of the beginning of the verso / end of the recto was cut off previously. Furthermore, the left margin of the verso / the right of the recto is lost and there are several holes, especially at the end of the verso / beginning of the recto. The height of this object is complete. ibid., 117, states that one page is lost. On the contrary, Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), XXII, thinks that the papyrus is nearly complete.
Comments on Object Because the first part of the papyrus was only inscribed on the top part, Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 73) concludes: "it now presents itself in the guise of a protecting strip."

Text Basic Information

Localization of Text on Object verso/recto
Text-Localization, Addendum top verso = top recto
Script-Fiber-Relation (for Payri) perpendicular and parallel
Inks and Pigments type unclear polychrome black and red
Range of Preservation (Text) incomplete
State of Preservation (Text) Because a strip of the papyrus was cut off, all line beginnings of the first column on the verso and all line ends of the last column on the recto are lost. Furthermore, the end of the last lines on the verso / beginning of the first lines on the recto is missing. Only a few characters of the first lines are concerned. In contrast, the loss of the other lines is of considerable amount. There are spaces in the text, especially in the middle of the last column on the verso / first column on the recto. While Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), XXII, considers the text as nearly complete, Peet, A Historical Document (1924), 117), thinks more text is lost. After the last line on the recto, there is enough space for a further line. Therefore, rt. III,11 is the end of the text.
Script, Primary "Neuhieratische Kanzleischrift"
Language, Primary Late Egyptian
Comments on Handwriting According to Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), XXIII-XXIV, the handwriting is "execrable", because many signs are written in a different way. Peet, A Historical Document (1924), 117), calls it "a large slanting script". The width of the stroke varies considerably.
Comments on Text Layout The papyrus is a palimpsest, which is best distinguishable under the few lines of the first column on the verso. The lines differ in length and the columns vary in their width. The shortest column is the first one with only two or three lines. After these lines, the page is blank. Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), XXII, considers this a cover, which contained the result of the process. Fauerbach, 16, supposes that this cover enclosed the rolled papyrus and allowed a quick identification of this papyrus in the archive. The phrase sḫꜣ r, which always falls at the beginning of a line, structures the text. The scribe used red ink only for quantities. Furthermore, additions were made which were written above the lines or into the text. rt. I, 12 shows a blank space followed by a later addition. The line spaces are similar with two exceptions: rt. II, 6 is squeezed in between line five and six. rt. The space between rt. III, 7 und 8 is larger than usual.
  recto verso
Quantity of Lines 13+16+11 3+14+17
Quantity of Columns 3 3
Height of Line / Letter

 

Text Content

Modern Title "Turin Indictment Papyrus" or "Elephantine-Skandal"
Ancient Scribe(s) of Text
Text Types
  • documentary | indictment
Summary of Content The text lists thirty offenses committed by several officials and shows the corruptness of the administration of the temple of Khnum in Elephantine. On the verso, seventeen crimes of Penanuqet, a wꜥb-priest of the temple of Khnum of Elephantine, are mentioned: larceny of temple property, manipulation of the oracle, ignoring of cleaning instructions, adultery, bribery, execution of corporal punishment without the knowledge of Pharaoh, attempts to damage counterparts etc. On the recto, different larcenies of temple property and bribery by unnamed persons are specified. Then, the embezzlements of grain which belonged to the temple of Khnum by the ship’s captain Khnumnakht are listed in detail. He connived with the ship’s crew, scribes, inspectors and cultivator of the Domain of Khnum over a ten-year period. Furthermore, Khnumnakht is accused of burning a ship and bribing the inspectors into keeping silent about this offense. This ship’s captain is charged with causing an abortion. Subsequently, unclear offenses are attributed to the sailor of the Domain of Khnum Panakhtet, the wꜥb-priest Pairi and different persons.
Location of Composition unknown unknown Egypt (Certainty: high)
Multilingualism Monolingual Script = Language
Gender Man Woman
Comment on Gender Sexual intercourse is mentioned between a man and two married women : - Identifier of the first woman: citizenness Name, daughter of a man; wife of a man - Identifier of the second woman: Name, daughter of a man Punishments of two women are mentioned: - Identifier of the older woman: title + Name - Identifier of the younger woman: Name, daughter of the first woman A woman had an abortion, caused by a man: - Identifier of the woman: citizeness + Name
Religion Polytheism (Egyptian)

 

Text

Transcription Translation Pictures

V

vsoI
vso1 m pꜣy=tw
vso2 gmı͗ mꜣꜥ.t
vso3 1Unsure if more than two lines of this column existed.
vsoII
vso1nꜣ sḫꜣ.w 2Abbreviated notation: A1 and r. For the different reading of this word group, see the comment from Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 17f. n.tj r-jwd wꜥb Pꜣ-n-ꜥnq.t ḏd n=f Sd n Pr-H̱nmw

1 Unsure if more than two lines of this column existed.
2 Abbreviated notation: A1 and r. For the different reading of this word group, see the comment from Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 17f.
vso2sḫꜣ r tꜣ jḥ.t km .t n.tj m-dj=f jw=s ḥr msı͗ .t 5 qmꜣw n Mr-wr jw=f ḥr jnı͗.t=w jw=f ḥr jrı͗ .t hꜣw=w m sḫ.t jw=f ḥr šꜥd ḏr.t=f jm=w jw=f ḥr jnı͗.t=w r rsy jw=f ḥr dı͗.t=w m šb .t n nꜣ wꜥb.w
vso3sḫꜣ r pꜣ qmꜣw n ꜥꜣ n Mr-wr n.tj m-dj=f jw=f ḥr šꜥd ḏr.t=f jm=f jw=f ḥr dı͗.t=f n nꜣ nhj n Mḏꜣy.w n pꜣ ḫtm n Snm.t jw=f ḥr šsp swn.t=f m-dj=w
vso4sḫꜣ r pꜣ šmı͗.t j:jrı͗=f r N.t jw=f ḥr šsp nhj n mḏꜣ.wt n pꜣ n.tj bwpw Pꜣ-Rꜥ dı͗.t jry=f rwḏ r nḥḥ jw=f ḥr jnı͗.t=w r rsy r wꜣḥ=w m-bꜣḥ H̱nmw jw=f ḥr tm hn n ḥr-ḥr=w
vso5sḫꜣ r pꜣ nk .t j:jrı͗=f ꜥnḫ .t -n .t -n.t Mw.t-nmḥ sꜣ.t Pꜣ-sḫ.t jw=s m ḥm.t m-dj wḥꜥ Ḏḥw.tj-m-ḥb sꜣ Pꜣ-n-tꜣ-wr.t
vso6sḫꜣ r pꜣ nk .t j:jrı͗=f Tꜣb-pꜣ-sꜣ sꜣ.t Šwy jw=s m ḥm.t ꜥḥꜣ.wty 1According to: Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 46 n. 15, who suggests to connect this phrase with ḥm.t ṯꜣy. Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 27, sees an unknown occupational title in ꜥḥꜣwty. The previous editors translated this word as a name, but the personal determinative and the name of the father is missing.

1 According to: Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 46 n. 15, who suggests to connect this phrase with ḥm.t ṯꜣy. Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 27, sees an unknown occupational title in ꜥḥꜣwty. The previous editors translated this word as a name, but the personal determinative and the name of the father is missing.
vso7sḫꜣ r pꜣ ṯꜣw.t j:jry wꜥ wḏꜣ.t m Pr-H̱nmw m ṯꜣw.t jw=f ḥr jrı͗ .t hꜣw=s jrm pꜣw ṯꜣw.t=s
vso8sḫꜣ r pꜣ swḏ .t j:jrı͗ ḥm-nṯr Bꜣk-n-Ḫnsw wꜥ ꜥfḏ .t r ḥw.t-nṯr jw mtrw 2 1According to: Ward, SAK 9, 365f. jm=s jw=f ḥr wn=s jw=f ḥr jṯꜣ wꜥ n mtrw 2See the last note. jm=s jw=f ḥr wꜣḥ=f m-bꜣḥ H̱nmw jw=f ḥr hꜣmn hnn 3According to: Vernus, Affaires et scandales (1993), 121 n. 2.ḥr-ḥr=f

1 According to: Ward, SAK 9, 365f.
2 See the last note.
3 According to: Vernus, Affaires et scandales (1993), 121 n. 2.
vso9sḫꜣ r pꜣ jy.t j:jrı͗=f r tꜣ rj .t ẖnw n pꜣ ḫtm jw 7 hrw.w n swı͗ ḥsmn nꜣ j:jrı͗=f jw sẖꜣ.w-pr-ḥḏ Mnṯw-ḥr-ḫpš=f ḥr dı͗.t ꜥnḫ n nb ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb
vso10n pꜣy ḥm-nṯr n H̱nmw r-ḏd bn dı͗=j ꜥq=f ẖr.j pꜣ nṯr j:jr<.t>w mḥ nꜣy=f hrw.w n swrı͗ ḥsmn jw=f ḥr tm sḏm jw=f ḥr ꜥq
vso11ẖr.j pꜣ nṯr jw wn n=f 3 hrw.w n swrı͗ ḥsmn
vso12sḫꜣ r pꜣ dı͗.t j:jrı͗ ṯꜣtj Nfr-rnp.t wꜥb Bꜣk-<n>-Ḫnsw r ḥm-nṯr n H̱nmw jw pꜣy wꜥb ḥr ḏd n wꜥb Nb-wnn=f bsy n=n ky 3 wꜥb.w
vso13dı͗=n ḫꜣꜥ pꜣ nṯr pꜣy šrj n pꜣy šw.tj r-bnr jw=tw ḥr smtr=f jw=tw ḥr gmı͗ .t jw ḏd=f sw n mꜣꜥ.t jw=tw ḥr dı͗.t n=f ꜥnḫ n nb ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb r tm ꜥq r ḥw.t-nṯr jw=f ḥr dı͗.t
vso14 j ḫ.wt=f n pꜣy ḥm-nṯr r-ḏd jmı͗ ꜥq=j ẖr.j pꜣ nṯr jw pꜣy ḥm-nṯr ḥr šsp j ḫ.wt=f jw=f ḥr dı͗.t ꜥq=f ẖr.j pꜣ nṯr
vsoIII
vso1 sḫꜣ r pꜣ dı͗.t j:jrı͗ Pr-ꜥꜣ ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb jwt jm.j-rꜣ-pr-ḥḏ Ḫꜥ-m-tj-rꜣ r sjp.t pr-ḥḏ n Pr-H̱nmw jw pꜣy wꜥb ḥr ṯꜣw.t 60 n dꜣjw m pr-ḥḏ n Pr-H̱nmwm ṯꜣw.t ḫr jr tw=tw (ḥr) jw.t r wḫꜣḫ=w
vso2 jw=tw ḥr gmı͗ .t 34 jm=w m-dj=f jw jry=f hꜣw n nꜣ ktḫ
vso3 sḫꜣ r pꜣ šꜥd j:jrı͗ pꜣy wꜥb msḏr n Sḫꜣ-tw-m-nfr sꜣ Bꜣk .t -sṯy.t m ḫm Pr-ꜥꜣꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb
vso4 sḫꜣ r pꜣ wḏ j:jrı͗ ṯꜣtj Nfr-rnp.t šmsw Pꜣ-ḫꜣ-rw-šrj šmsw Pꜣ-ṯꜣw-m-dı͗-Ḫnsw r-ḏd jnı͗.t jt-nṯr Qꜣ-ḫpš 1Probably nothing is lost.
vso5jw nꜣ šmsw.w ḥr gmı͗ .t =j jw=j ꜥḥꜥ.k wj m ꜣbd sꜣ tpy n jw nꜣ šmsw.w ḥr ḫꜣꜥ=j jw=w ḥr ḏd bn jw=w r jṯꜣ=k jw=k ḥr ꜥḥꜥ ꜣbd j.n=w n=j
vso6 jw pꜣy wꜥb ḥr dı͗.t n=w šmꜥ dꜣjw 1 jsb .t 2According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 42-43, and Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 49 n. 51. 1 ṯbw.tj ꜥ 2 kmry n ꜣb ꜥ 2 ṯꜣw mrw 100 ḥqq ḫꜣ.w 3A number is lost. ꜥq.w ḥ n q.t m-mjt.t
vso7 jw=f ḥr ḏd n=w m jrı͗ ḫꜣꜥ=f jw=f ḥr jr.t 15 n hrw jw bwpw=f jr.t ḥnw.t n nꜣ ḥrj.w ꜥꜣ.w n Pr-H̱nmw
vso8 jw pꜣ n Pr-Jmn n.tj rwḏ nb.w ḥr mjnı͗ .t r ḫnw n
vso9 m pꜣ mw n Km.t jw jnk j:jrı͗ nṯr m Pr- jw=f ḥr dı͗ .t ḫꜣꜥ=sn
vso10 sḫꜣ r pꜣ ḫꜣꜥ j:jrı͗ pꜣ rmṯ ḫ.t r pꜣ pr n bꜣk .t -sšr.w-nswt Mw.t-nfr.t jw=st ḥr jy.t r-ḏd n=f jw=f ḥr kꜣmn=st
vso11 jw=f ḥr kꜣmn Bꜣk .t -sṯy.t tꜣy=st šrj.t m-mjt.t swsn ḥms .w kꜣmn .w m pꜣ hrw bn Pr-ꜥꜣ rḫ 4According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 46.
vso12 sḫꜣ r pꜣ ḫpr j:jrı͗ pꜣy wꜥb ṯtṯt jrm mnj.w Pꜣ-kꜣmn n Pr-H̱nmw jw=f ḥr wšb.t ḥr ḏd.n=f
vso13 3 ꜣbd ḥr ḫpr jw Ḏꜣḏꜣ ḥr pḥ r p.t jw bn wšb .t tꜣ n dı͗.t j:ḏd st pꜣy wꜥb jw j:jry ḏd=w j Ḏꜣḏꜣ
vso14 sḫꜣ r pꜣ swḏ j:jrı͗=w 20 n jḥ n pꜣy wꜥb m rnp.t-sp 1 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ jw=w ḥr mḥ n jḥ.w m-dj=f jw
vso15 jw=f ḥr jnı͗.t=w m ḥrw wnn 5According to: Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 77a: "Here and in the corresponding position in the next two lines the scribe has left a small blank, perhaps because the surface was bad. There is no join at this point."j:jrı͗=f dı͗.t nꜣ jḥ.w m ms-bw jw j:jrı͗=f dı͗.t pꜣ ḥrw m bw msı͗ m-r-ꜥ
vso16 sḫꜣ r pꜣ dı͗.t j:jrı͗.t wꜥb Pn-ꜥnq.t bjꜣ dbn 20 šmꜥ dꜣjw.w 3 n pꜣy wꜥb wšb.t nb n.tj jw=tw ḥr ḏd=w
vso17 sḫꜣ r pꜣw ḫpr pꜣy wꜥb ꜥḥꜥ r- tꜣ-ḥꜣ.t n pꜣy nṯr jr jw=f ḥr jrı͗ .t wꜥ nfr n rmṯ jmı͗ jry=f n=k ḫr=f n=f jw=f ḥr ꜥḥꜥ

1 Probably nothing is lost.
2 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 42-43, and Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 49 n. 51.
3 A number is lost.
4 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 46.
5 According to: Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 77a: "Here and in the corresponding position in the next two lines the scribe has left a small blank, perhaps because the surface was bad. There is no join at this point."

R

I
1sḫꜣ r pꜣ ṯꜣw.t j:jrı͗=w wꜥ mꜣꜥw ꜥꜣ.t n bjꜣ n pꜣ wjꜣ n H̱nmw jw=w ḥr jrı͗ .t hꜣw=s
2sḫꜣ r pꜣ ṯꜣw.t j:jrı͗=w ḏꜣy.t 5 nꜥꜥ rwḏw 10 dmḏ 15 m Pr-ꜥnq.t 1The second "n" in the name of Anukis was written later above the line before the determinative. nb .t Swn.w jw sẖꜣ.w-pr-ḥḏ Mnṯw-ḥr-ḫpš=f n.tj ḥr jrı͗ .t tꜣ jꜣw.t ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ n ꜣbw ḥr smtr=w jw=f ḥr gmı͗ .t =w m-dj=w
3jw dı͗=w st n Jmn-rḫ wꜥ ḥmw.w n s.t-mꜣꜥ.t jw šsp=w swn .t =w jw pꜣy ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ ḥr šsp n=w j ḫ.wt=w jw=f ḥr ḫꜣꜥ=w
4sḫꜣ r pꜣ wn j:jrı͗=w wꜥ šmm.t n Pr-H̱nmw jw=s 2The scribe wrote "s" over "tꜣ". ḥr tꜣ ḫt n nꜣ rwḏw.w n tꜣ šnw.t n.tj ḥr rwḏ n Pr-Jmn jw=w ḥr ṯꜣw.t 180 ẖꜣr n jt jm=s
5sḫꜣ r pꜣ wn pꜣ n Pr-H̱nmw jw=w ḥr ṯꜣw.t n rwḏw.w jw pꜣ ḥm-nṯr ḥr gmı͗ .t =w m-dj=w jw=f ḥr jṯꜣ=w jw bwpw=f jrı͗ .t nkt r-r=w
6sḫꜣ r mḥ.tj m nꜣ ḥbsw n nꜣ jt.w-nṯrwꜥb.w n.tj swsn ḥr fꜣ.t pꜣ nṯr jm=w jw=w ḥr gmı͗.t=w m-dj=w
7sḫꜣ r pꜣ nswt Wsr-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Mr.j-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ꜥḥwty.w nꜣ pr.wt r dı͗.t pꜣy=w 700 ẖꜣr n jt n H̱nmw nb ꜣbw dy m ꜥ rsy jw=tw ḥr ḫpr ḥr ẖnı͗=w
8 ꜣbw j:jrı͗=t w ẖnı͗=w mtw=tw jnı͗=w jw=w ḥr mḥ r tꜣ šnw.t n pꜣ nṯr mtw=tw šsp=w n=f ṯnw rnp.t nb ḫr jr m rnp.t-sp 28 n
9nswt Wsr-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Mr.j-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ jw mr ḥr ḥꜣı͗ r pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ jw=f ḥr m w t jw Jm.j-rꜣ-jḥ.w wn m ḥm-nṯr n Pr-H̱nmw ḥr jnı͗.t šwtj jm.j-rꜣ- ꜥḥꜥ.w 3According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 60. ẖnı͗-nbw H̱nmw-nḫt jw=f ḥr dı͗.t=f r
10ḥr.j-wsḫ n Pr-H̱nmw jt dy m ꜥ mḥ.tj jw=f ḫpr ḥr ẖnı͗=w ḫr jr m rnp.t-sp 1 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ jw=f ḥr jrı͗ .t wgg .wt ꜥšꜣ.wt m nꜣ jt ḫr jr pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ
11 šsp=f 40 n dbn n pr-ḥḏ n H̱nmw jrı͗ n nb dbn 7 wnn bn pꜣ nb m pr-ḥḏ n H̱nmw ḫr jr pꜣy=f wgg.w t m nꜣ jt bn st m tꜣ šnw.t nH̱nmw jw ṯꜣw n=f
12 jm=w 4According to:Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 79: "A later addition follows after a blank space of about 23 cm." n 15 rmṯ.w n pꜣ wsḫ n H̱nmw jw=w m-dj=f m nꜣy=f sḥn.t n ḥꜥ.t=f
13rnp.t-sp 1 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖnı͗ r ꜣbw m-dj ḥr.j-wsḫ H̱nmw-nḫt 5Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 79a, 15a-b, notices that this gap is actually too small for a personal name. ẖꜣr 100 ḏꜣ.t 600
II
1rnp.t-sp 2 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖꜣr 130 ḏꜣ.t 570
2rnp.t-sp 3 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖꜣr 700 bw jnı͗.w=f jm=w r tꜣ šnw.t
3rnp.t-sp 4 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖꜣr 700 jwı͗ m pꜣ wsḫ n pꜣ mdw m-ḏr.t ṯꜣw Pꜣ-nḫt.t ẖꜣr 20 ḏꜣ.t 680
4rnp.t-sp 5 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖꜣr 700 jwı͗ r ḥtp.w-nṯr n nꜣ mdw.w n H̱nmw ẖꜣr 20 ḏꜣ.t 680
5rnp.t-sp 6 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ ẖꜣr 700 bw jnı͗=f st
6rnp.t-sp 1 n Pr-ꜥꜣ ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb ẖꜣr 700 bw jnı͗=f st 6According to: Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 80, this line is squeezed in between line five und seven and perhaps is a later addition.
7rnp.t-sp 2 n Pr-ꜥꜣ ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb ẖꜣr 700 jwı͗ m-ḏr.t ḥr.j-wsḫ H̱nmw-nḫt ẖꜣr 186 ḏꜣ.t 514
8rnp.t-sp 3 n Pr-ꜥꜣꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb ẖꜣr 700 jwı͗ m-ḏr.t pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ ẖꜣr 120 ḏꜣ.t 580
9dmḏ jt n Pr-H̱nmw nb ꜣbw j:jrı͗ pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ ꜥ wꜥ jrm nꜣ sẖꜣ.w rwḏ.w ꜥḥwtj.w
10 (line 11 in Gardiner 1948)n Pr-H̱nmw jw=w 7The scribe wrote "w" over "f". ḥr jrı͗.t wgg.w t jm=w jw=w ḥr jrı͗ .t hꜣw=w m nꜣy=w hꜣw n ḥꜥ.t=w ẖꜣr 5004
11 (line 10 in Gardiner 1948)ḫr jr H̱nmw jṯꜣ nꜣy=f jt sw ḥr ḥmsı͗ ḥr ḏꜣḏꜣ n pꜣ šnw.t mn m-dj=f jt
12 sḫꜣ r pꜣ šdı͗ j:jrı͗ pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ n Pr-H̱nmw bꜣk.w n fꜣ.t ẖꜣr 50 Rmṯ sꜣ Pꜣ-n-ꜥnq.t fꜣ.t ẖꜣr 50 n
13Pꜣ-wḫd sꜣ Pꜣ-ṯꜣw-m-ꜣbw dmḏ sj 2 jrı͗ n ẖꜣr 100 r-šꜣꜥ-m rnp.t-sp 1 n nswt Ḥqꜣ-Mꜣꜥ.t-Rꜥ Stp-n-Jmn ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb pꜣ nṯr ꜥꜣ r
14rnp.t-sp 4 n Pr-ꜥꜣ ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb jrı͗ n ẖꜣr 1000 jw=f ḥr jrı͗ .t hꜣw=w m nꜣy=f hꜣw n ḥꜥ.t=f bw jnı͗.w=f jm=w r tꜣ šnw.t n H̱nmw
15 sḫꜣ r pꜣ ḏꜣf j:jrı͗ pꜣy ḥr.j-wsḫ n Pr-H̱nmw wꜥ wsḫ n Pr-H̱nmw ḥnꜥ pꜣy=f ḫt-ṯꜣw nꜣy=f ḫꜥ.w
16jw=f ḥr dı͗.t j ḫ.wt=f n nꜣ rwḏ.w n Pr-H̱nmw jw=w ḥr tm hꜣb 8The scribe wrote "ꜣ" over "b". ḥr-ḥr=f bn sw šꜣꜥ pꜣ hrw
III
1 sḫꜣ r pꜣ dı͗.t j:jrı͗=f hꜣı͗ pꜣ jwr n ꜥnḫ.t-n-nw.t Tꜣ-rpyt
2 sḫꜣ r pꜣ dı͗.t j:jrı͗ ṯꜣw Pꜣ-nḫt.t n nꜣ mdw.w n H̱nmw
3jw=f ḥr dı͗.t j ḫ.wt=f n nꜣ rwḏ.w jw=w ḥr tm hꜣb ḥr-ḥr=f 9Probably little or nothing is lost.
4sḫꜣ r pꜣ ẖꜥm j:jrı͗ Pꜣ-nḫt.t pꜣy ṯꜣw
5wꜥ ꜥḥwty n Pr-H̱nmw nb ꜣbw jw=f m dmj n Pꜣ
6sḫꜣ r pꜣ wn j:jrı͗ wꜥb Pꜣ-jr.j tꜣy
7ḫr wn=f ḥr jrı͗ .t =f m-dwn m-dwn pꜣ gmı͗=f jrı͗
8sḫꜣ r pꜣ hꜣb j:jrı͗ ḥm-nṯr Ḏḥw.tj-ḥtp.w n Pr-Mnṯw
9n.tj ḥr jrı͗ .t nꜣ sḥn.t n tꜣ jꜣw.t ḥm-nṯr n Pr-H̱nmw
10šꜥ.t m ḏr.wt=w n sẖꜣ.w-ḥw.t-nṯr Ḏḥw.tj-m-ḥb jw=w ḥr dı͗.t mꜣꜥ
11dı͗.t prı͗ nꜣy=w dḥr.w ḥr bḥ jw

1 The second "n" in the name of Anukis was written later above the line before the determinative.
2 The scribe wrote "s" over "tꜣ".
3 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 60.
4 According to:Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 79: "A later addition follows after a blank space of about 23 cm."
5 Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 79a, 15a-b, notices that this gap is actually too small for a personal name.
6 According to: Gardiner, Administrative Documents (1948), 80, this line is squeezed in between line five und seven and perhaps is a later addition.
7 The scribe wrote "w" over "f".
8 The scribe wrote "ꜣ" over "b".
9 Probably little or nothing is lost.
V
vsoI
vso1[///] in someone’s
vso2[///]adjudge innocent / truthful
vso3[///]
vsoII
vso1The memoranda which are against 1See the comment by Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 18. the wꜥb-priest Penanuqet, called Sed, of the Domain of Chnum:

1 See the comment by Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 18.
vso2The memoranda concerning the black cow which was under his supervision: It bore 5 bulls of Mnevis which he brought (away) and disposed of them in the field. He parted with them by bringing them to the south and selling them to the wꜥb-priests.
vso3The memoranda concerning the great bull of Mnevis which was under his supervision: He parted with it by giving it to some Medja-peoples of the fortress of Senmet and receiving its price from them.
vso4The memoranda concerning his journey to the City 1I. e. "Theben".: He received some documents of / for the one, whom Pre did not allow to be inspector forever. He brought them to the south in order to lay them before Khnum, who did not accept them.

1 I. e. "Theben".
vso5The memoranda concerning his sexual intercourse with the citizeness Mutnemeh, daughter of Pasekhti, while she was married with the fisherman Thotemheb, son of Pantawer.
vso6The memoranda concerning his sexual intercourse with Tabes, daughter of Shuy, while she was a married woman.
vso7The memoranda concerning the stealing of an Udjat-amulet in the Domain of Khnum: He disposed of it together with this one who had stolen it.
vso8The memoranda concerning the handing over of a chest in which there were 2 witness documents to the temple by the ḥm-nṯr-priest Bakenkhonsu: He opened it and he took out one witness-document of it. He laid it before Khnum, who accepted it.
vso9The memoranda concerning his coming to the inside of the fortification, when he had done (only) 7 days of drinking natron: The scribe of the treasury Mentuherkhepeshef took an oath by the lord, life, prosperity and health,
vso10to this ḥm-nṯr-priest of Khnum with the words: "I shall not allow him to enter under the god 1I. e. "to bear the god barque". until his days of drinking natron are completed." But he did not listen and he entered
vso11under the god, although there were (still) 3 days of drinking natron.
vso12The memoranda concerning making the wꜥb-priest Bak<en>khonsou to ḥm-nṯr-priest of Khnum by the vizier Neferrenpet: This wꜥb-priest said to the wꜥb-priest Nebwenenef: "If only 2For this identification of bsy see Černý / Groll, Late Egyptian Grammar (1975), 566, and Vernus, Affaires et scandales (1993), 137 and 229 n. 86. Other editors understand bsy as the verb "to introduce; to lead; to enter" and translated: "We will induct three other wꜥb-priests". we had 3 other wꜥb-priests,

1 I. e. "to bear the god barque".
2 For this identification of bsy see Černý / Groll, Late Egyptian Grammar (1975), 566, and Vernus, Affaires et scandales (1993), 137 and 229 n. 86. Other editors understand bsy as the verb "to introduce; to lead; to enter" and translated: "We will induct three other wꜥb-priests".
vso13so that we might cause the god to throw out this son of this merchant." He was examined and it was found out that he had said it indeed. An oath by the lord, life, prosperity and health, was imposed on him not to enter the temple. But he gave
vso14his things 1I. e. "bribe money". to this ḥm-nṯr-priest with the words: "Let me enter under the god! "This ḥm-nṯr-priest took his things and let him enter under the god.
vsoIII
vso1The memoranda concerning the order of the Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health, that the overseer of the treasury Khaemtir comes to inspect the treasury of the Domain of Khnum: This wꜥb-priest stole 60 dꜣjw-cloths from the treasury of the Domain of Khnum. But when one [|came to|] [s]earch for them,
vso2one found (only) 34 of them with him, while he had (already) disposed of the other ones.
vso3The memoranda concerning the cutting off of the ear of Sekhatouemnefer, son of Baket-setjit, by this wꜥb-priest, without the knowledge of Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health.
vso4The memoranda concerning the command which the vizier Neferrenpet issued the retainer Pakher-sheri and the retainer Patjaouemdikhonsu with the words: "Bring the jt-nṯr-priest Qakhepesh.":
vso5The retainers found me as I was serving 2Lit.: "I was standing <in>". a monthly duty of the first phyle. The retainers released me and said: "We shall not take you while you are serving a monthly duty.", so <they> said [|to me|].
vso6This wꜥb-priest gave them 1 dꜣjw-cloth of fine cloth, 1 chair, 2 pairs of sandals, 2 pairs of elephant tusks, 100

1 I. e. "bribe money".
2 Lit.: "I was standing <in>".
bundles of palm-leaves, 1000 ḥqq-fruits, ḫꜣ-fishs [///] 1A number was inside of this gap. ḫꜣ-fishs, bread and beer likewise.
vso7He said to them: "Do not release him, so that he [|is spending|] 15 days without having provided [his] service [|for the|] great superiors of the Domain of Khnum." 2According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 42 and 44. [///]
vso8The [///] of the Domain of Amun, who controls every [///] when mooring at [///] resting place of [///]
vso9in the water of Egypt, while it is I who [///] the god in the Domain of [///]. He made them release [///].
vso10The memoranda concerning setting fire to the house of the royal-linen-servant Mutneferet by the man: [|She came|] to speak to him. He blinded [her]
vso11and he blinded Baket-stjit, her daughter, likewise. They remain [bl]ind to this day without [|knowledge of the Pharaoh|] [///]
vso12The memoranda concerning the quarrel which this wꜥb-priest began with the herdsman Pakamen of the Domain of [Khnum]: He replied to what he said: "[///]
vso133 months have passed since Djadja died 3Lit.: "reached heaven". 4The rest is obscure.Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 50, translates: "there being no charge ..., one having said it ...[...]." Peden, Ramesses IV (1994), 112, reads wšb "answer" instead of wšb.t "charge" and translates as follows: "without having answered which they had been allowed to say (?)" .Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 48: "indem die Antwort nicht die des Gebens war, die ihm dieser [wꜥb] gesagt hatte indem sie sagten: Ḏꜣ[Ḏꜣ". [///]
vso14The memoranda concerning the handing over of 20 oxen to this wꜥb-priest in year 1 of the King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, [the] great [god]: They seized the oxen in his possession [///]
vso15He brought them from above. As he gave the oxen in the place of birth, so he gave [///] above in the place of birth 5According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 49 with comment. The construction and the translation of ḥrw as well as msbw / bw msı͗ m-r-ꜥ is unclear. Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 50, states: "One feels that somtehing must be wrong in the manuscript."
vso16The memoranda concerning the giving of 20 deben copper and 3 dꜣjw.w-cloths of fine cloth to this wꜥb-priest by the wꜥb-priest Penanqet [///] every charge which was made [///] 6Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 51, suggests: "which will be utteres [in order tp prevent(?)]".
vso17The memoranda concerning the proceeding by this wꜥb-priest to stand in front of this god: "If he does a good (thing) to a man, [may] he do it to you!", so he said to him. He stood [///].

1 A number was inside of this gap.
2 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 42 and 44.
3 Lit.: "reached heaven".
4 The rest is obscure.Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 50, translates: "there being no charge ..., one having said it ...[...]." Peden, Ramesses IV (1994), 112, reads wšb "answer" instead of wšb.t "charge" and translates as follows: "without having answered which they had been allowed to say (?)" .Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 48: "indem die Antwort nicht die des Gebens war, die ihm dieser [wꜥb] gesagt hatte indem sie sagten: Ḏꜣ[Ḏꜣ".
5 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 49 with comment. The construction and the translation of ḥrw as well as msbw / bw msı͗ m-r-ꜥ is unclear. Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 50, states: "One feels that somtehing must be wrong in the manuscript."
6 Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 51, suggests: "which will be utteres [in order tp prevent(?)]".
R
I
1 [The memoranda concerning] their stealing of a door mꜣꜥw -part of cooper from the bark of Khnum: They disposed of it.
2 [The memoranda concerning] their stealing of [|5|] ḏꜣy.t-cloaks and 10 rwḏw-garments of [|smooth cloth|], total 15, from the Domain of Anukis, mistress of Syene: The scribe of the treasury Mentjuherkhepeshef, who was performing the office of mayor of Elephantine, examined them and he found them with them,
3 [after] they had given them to Amunrekh, a craftsman of the Place-of-Truth 1I. e. "Deir el-Medineh"., and [after] they had received their price. This mayor received their things 2I. e. "bribe money". from them and he released them.
4 [The memoranda concerning their] opening of a storehouse of the Domain of Khnum which was under the seal of the inspectors of the granary who inspect for the Domain of Amun: They stole 180 sacks of grain from it.
5 [The memoranda concerning] the opening [///] [|the Domain of|] Knum: [|They sto|]le[///] rwḏw-garments. The ḥm-nṯr-priest found them in their possession and he took them (back) without doing anything against them.
6 [The memoranda concerning] [///] filled in the cloths of the jt-nṯr-priests and wꜥb-priests in which [|they carry|] the god: [They] found them in their possession.
7 [The memoranda concerning] [///] the King Usermaatre Meriamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god. The cultivators [///] the seed in order to give their 700 sacks of grain to Khnum, lord of Elephantine, here in the Southern Region: One began to ship them
8 [///] Elephantine. They were shipped and [|were brought|] in full into the granary of the god, and they were taken from/for him every year. And then in regnal year 28 of
9 [King Usermaatre Meriamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god], [|illness befell|] this captain of the wsḫ-boat and he died. [///] Merihu, who was (active) in (his office) as ḥm-nṯr-priest of the Domain of Khnum, brought the šwtj and the overseer of [|the boats|] and carrier of gold Khnumnakht. He assigned him 3Lit.: "he put him to be". to
10 [|captain of the wsḫ-boat of the Domain of Khnum|] [///] grain, here in the North Region. He began to ship them. And then in regnal year 1 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god, he embezzled a large amount of grain. And then this captain of the wsḫ-boat
11 [///] he took 40 deben of [///] treasury of Khnum ⸢///⸣ maken 7 deben of gold. (And so) the gold was not in the treasury of Khnum. And a[s] to [h]is embezzlements of grain, it is not in the granary of Khnum, after [///] had stolen for him [///].
12 [///] 15 men of the wsḫ-boat of Khnum. They were with him in his own commission.
13 [Regnal year 1 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god] were shipped to Elephantine by the captain of the wsḫ-boat [|Khnumnakht|] 100 sacks. Deficit: 600.
II
1 Regnal year 2 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god: 130 sacks. Deficit: 570.
2 Regnal year 3 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god: 700 sacks. He did not bring (any) of them to the granary.
3 Regnal year 4 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god: 700 sacks. Arrived in the wsḫ-boat of the mdw-staff by the sailor Panekhetet: 20 sacks. Deficit: 680.
4 Regnal year 5 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god: 700 sacks. Arrived for the divine offering of the mdw-staffs of Khnum: 20 sacks. Deficit: 680.
5 Regnal year 6 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god: 700 sacks. He did not bring them.
6 Regnal year 1 of Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health: 700 sacks. He did not bring them.
7 Regnal year 2 of Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health: 700 sacks. Arrived by the captain of the wsḫ-boat Khnumnakht: 186 sacks. Deficit: 514.
8 Regnal year 3 of Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health: 700 sacks. Arrived by this captain of the wsḫ-boat: 120 sacks. Deficit: 580.
9 Total: barley for the Domain of Khnum, lord of Elephantine, with respect to which this captain of the wsḫ-boat colluded 4Lit.: "made one arm".with the scribes, the inspectors and the cultivators
10 of the Domain of Khnum: They embezzled it and they made it to their property: 5004 sacks 5There is an arithmetic error. The correct total of the embezzlement is 5724 sacks..
11 And, as to Khnum [///] 6According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 67. Gardiner, Ramesside Texts (1941), 61 n. 9, proposes to read the personal name Tꜣw-mdı͗-H̱nmw. stole his barley. He sits on the top of the granary and has no barley.
12 The memoranda concerning the collecting of taxes by this captain of the wsḫ-boat of the Domain of Khnum made in the amount of 50 sacks from Remetj, son of Pananuqet, and in the amount of 50 sacks from
13 Pawekhed, son of Patjauemabu, total 2 persons, makes 100 sacks from the regnal year 1 of King Heqamaatre Setepenamun, life, prosperity and health, the great god, until
14 regnal year 4 of Pharaoh, life, prosperity and health, makes 1000 sacks: He made it to his own property. He did not bring (any of) them to the granary of Khnum.
15 The memoranda concerning the burning of a wsḫ-boat of the Domain of Khnum together with its mast und its equipment by this captain of the wsḫ-boat of the Domain of Khnum:
16 He gave his things 7I. e. "bribe money". to the inspectors of the Domain of Khnum and they did not report on it 8Lit.: "They did not send concerning it.". It 9That means the report? See Černý / Groll, Late Egyptian Grammar (1975), 309 n. 843.does not exist until today.
III
1The memoranda concerning his causing the citizeness Tare[|pit|] to have an abortion [///]
2The memoranda concerning the giving of the mdw-staffs of Khnum by the sailor Panakhtet [///]
3He gave his things 10I. e. "bribe money". to the inspectors and they did not report on [|it|] 11Lit.: "They did not send concerning [|it|].". [///]
4 The memoranda concerning the approach by Panakhtet, this sailor, [///]
5 a cultivator of the Domain of Khnum, lord of Elephantine, while he was in the town of Pa[///] [///]
6 The memoranda concerning the opening of this box by the wꜥb-priest Pairi [///]
7 and he did it again and again. That which he found [///]
8 The memoranda concerning the sending by the ḥm-nṯr-priest Thothotep of the Domain of Month [///]
9 who was performing the duties of the office of a ḥm-nṯr-priest of the Domain of Khnum [///]
10 a letter from their hand to the temple scribe Thotemheb. The slaughtered [///]
11 caused their hides to be tanned 12According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 78.Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 56, reads: "caused their hides to come forth for corvée".[///]

1 I. e. "Deir el-Medineh".
2 I. e. "bribe money".
3 Lit.: "he put him to be".
4 Lit.: "made one arm".
5 There is an arithmetic error. The correct total of the embezzlement is 5724 sacks.
6 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 67. Gardiner, Ramesside Texts (1941), 61 n. 9, proposes to read the personal name Tꜣw-mdı͗-H̱nmw.
7 I. e. "bribe money".
8 Lit.: "They did not send concerning it."
9 That means the report? See Černý / Groll, Late Egyptian Grammar (1975), 309 n. 843.
10 I. e. "bribe money".
11 Lit.: "They did not send concerning [|it|]."
12 According to: Fauerbach, Der Elephantine-ꞌSkandalꞌ (1996), 78.Vittmann, Hieratic Texts (1996), 56, reads: "caused their hides to come forth for corvée".
Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
Reserved Copyright
Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
Reserved Copyright
Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
Reserved Copyright
Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
Reserved Copyright
     
Places (read out from edition)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#s81)
  • Snm.t (places.xml#s82)
  • N.t (places.xml#s2)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#s81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#s81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#s81)
  • Pr- (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-Jmn (places.xml#d83)
  • Km.t (places.xml#c1)
  • Pr- (places.xml#r81)
  • -ꜥnq.t (places.xml#r84)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-Jmn (places.xml#r83)
  • -H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • (places.xml#s3)
  • (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • ꜣbw (places.xml#s3)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
  • Pr-Mnṯw (places.xml#r85)
  • Pr-H̱nmw (places.xml#r81)
    		•

     

    People mentioned in Text

    ID gender en normiert original Language Functions in Texts
    10615 man Amunrekh Jmn-rḫ (none)

     

    Dates

    RulerID Regnal Year MonthID Day Date of the Text Gregorian Date dating_comment
    Ramesses V after the fourth regnal year of Ramses V.: On recto II,12-14, the yearly levied amount of barley for the Domain of Khnum in Elephantine during the six regnal years of Ramses IV. until the fourth regnal year of his successor, Ramses V. is mentioned.;

     

    Pictures

    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_R_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_V_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_V_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_V_00
    Reserved Copyright
    Turin_ME_Cat_1887_V_00
    Reserved Copyright

     

    Literature

     

    DatasetID 308422
    last Change 29.07.2022
    Trismegistos 322159
    Author Martina Grünhagen; Verena Lepper; Daniela C. Härtel
    Dataset License Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International
    (CC BY-NC-SA)
    Data set citation Data set 308422 (= Pap. Torino, Museo Egizio Cat. 1887), ERC-Project ELEPHANTINE: Martina Grünhagen; Verena Lepper; Daniela C. Härtel.